mauser



(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet l. P. MAH-SER. SMALL LOCK FOR BOLT GUNS.

No. 590,271. @Named Sept. 21,189?.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

' P.MAUSER- SMALL LOCK FOR BOLT GUNS.

Patented Sept. 21,1897, I

, NSV Q l/V TNSSJISS.-

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 3. P. MAUSER. SMALL LOCK FOR 'BOLT GUNS.

Patente Sept. 2l

.L t e e h S e e h S 4 R E S .U A M PM m. d 0 M 0 m SMALL LOOK POR BOLTGUNS.

No. 590,271. Patented sept. 21,1897.

UNITED" STATES PATENT OFFICE.

PAUL MAUSER, OF OBERNDORF, GERMANY..

s-MALLgL'ocK Fon BOLT-GUNS.

"SPEGIFICATION forming' part of Letters Patent N0.`590,271, datedSeptember 21, 1897.

Application filed December 2 1895. Serial No. 570,770. (No model.)Patented in Belgium November 9', 1895, No. 118,487; in France November11, 1895, No. 251,598; inlinglend November 13 l 1895, No. 21,547; inNorway November 21. 1'895`,No. 45649; ill Switzerland December9|`18951N07 11,332? il! Italy December 31 1895, No.40,133/425| inA'ustriaebruary 5, 1896, No. LL6/437, and in Spain March 7, 1896, No.18,284. l

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, PAUL MAUSER, a subject of the King of Wrtemberg,residing in Oberndorf upon the Neckar, in the Kingdom of Wrtemberg,Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in SmallLocks for Breech-Loading Bolt-G uns,of which `the following'is aspecification.

This invention was patented in Spain, No. 18,284, dated March '7, 1896;in Belgium, No.

- 118,487, dated November 9, 1895; in Austria,

No. 437/46, dated February 5, 1896; in Italy, No. 40,133/425, datedDecember 31, 1895; in Switzerland, No. 11,332, dated December 9, 1895;in Norway, No. 4,649, dated November 21, 1895; in England, No. 21,547,dated No'- vember 13, 1895, and in France, No. 251,598, dated November11, 1895. y

This invention relates to breech-loading bolt-guns, and aims t-o provideimprovements in the small locks for coupling the firing-pin to the boltof such guns, improvements in safety-locks for such guns, and animproved catch acting to prevent accidental loosening or uncoupling ofthe small lock and bolt.

To this end in carrying out the invention I provide certain features ofimprovement which will be hereinafter full7 set forth.

The preferred form of my invention as applied to one construction ofbolt-gun is shown.

in the accompanying drawings, in Which- Figure 1 vis a fragmentaryelevation ofthe left-hand side of the breech parts of a breechloadingbolt-gun; -and Fig. 2 is a vertical 1ongitudinal section thereof, thebolt being shown in the receiver and in the locked position, thefiring-pin cocked, and the safety device in its middle or secondposition, locking the tiringpin against forward movement. Fig. 3 is afragmentary top plan view of the bolt and the parts coupled thereto, thefiring-pin being in the forward or fired position and the safetylockbeing in its first or neutral' position, being the position in which thefiring-pin is-free to move past the safety-lock. Fig. 4 is a fragmentaryhorizontal axial section thereof cut on the line 1-1 in Fig. 7, showingthe bolt in the locked position, the firing-pin in the fired position,and tho catching device in its normal or first position or that .inwhich it bears against the end of the bolt, permitting rotation thereofto the unlocked position and ready upon the turning of the bolt to theunlocked position to snap forward and lock the bolt'an'd 3to 6 in thepositions described with reference to these figures' and showing'the camop the` safety-lock. Fig. 8 is an under side plan'of the parts shown inFigs. -3 to 7. in the positions described with reference to thesefigures.

Fig. v9 is a fragmentary bottom plan view of the rearend of the bolt andits handle, and Fig. 9 is a fragmentaryrear end elevation l thereof.Fig. 10 is an under side plan of the small lock alone. Fig. 11 is a topplan thereof. Fig. 12 is a front end elevation thereof, and Fig. 13 is arear end elevation thereof. Fig. 14 is a side elevation of thepin-nutalone; and Fig. 14 is a top plan thereof, showing its cooking-nose d;and Fig. 15 is a front ,end

elevation; and Fig. 15, a side elevation, looking from the right of thecatch-pin H and its spring h.. V

Referring tothe drawings,let A indicate the recei\'er,'which,'as usual,has a substantially tubularlongitudinal socket; B, the bolt,whichoscillates and reciprocates in the socket;

. B', the bolt handleor knob by which the bolt is oscillated andreciprocated and which when turned down to the right places the bolt inthe locked position and when turned ninety degrees to the vert-icalreleases the bolt,bring ing it to the unlocked position for withdrawalrearwardly; C, the spring-actuated .firingpin within the bolt; D, thepin nut or head at the rear of the pin, coupled thereto to movetherewith; d, the cooking-nose thereof; d', the soar nose or notchthereof; a, the groove in the receiver, through which the lat- 'I tern'ose moves; Gr, the sear,"engaging the latter nose when the pin iscocked; E, the small lock, through which the tiring-pin slides and`which is screwed or otherwise suitably coupled tothe rear end of thebolt B, so that the latter turns on it and suices, as usual, to lock thebolt and firing-pin together and still permit their several movements;F, the safetylock, rotatively carried by the small lock and oscillationof the bolt when' turned to thev middle or vertical position to lock thefiringacting when oscillated to the left to permity the free movement ofthe firing-pin and the bolt against oscillation and hold the 'firing pinin the cocked position; Q, a swiveled sep-l v arable connection betweenthe bolt and small lock,l consisting of a screw-threaded shank g on thelatter, screwing into a female screwthreadg in the-bolt, and' I thespring for the firing-pin. v

As thus far described the parts-are. in their general features of knownconstruction and operation, ,and in lieu. of those shown any othersuitable or equivalent constructions of l the same generaly charactermay be employed.

As usual, the rear end of the bolt is provided with an inclinedcocking-face b, which in the locked position of the bolt permits thelfull forward movement of the firing-pin and which as thebolt is turnedto the unlocked position acts against the beveled end of the nose d fthe firing-pin nut to push back the pinto the cocked position. The rearend of the bolt 'VSS gases.

also has the usual safety-lock notch'b', which is disposed at'the topwhen the bolt is in the locked position and is then opposite the nose ofthe safety-lock F, which ,nose passes into this notch to lock the boltagainstoscillation. Whenthe bolt is withdrawn from the receiver and thesafety-lock is'turned to the.

mid-position and holds" the pin cocked, the smal-1 lock can be unscrewedfrom the bolt, carrying with it the nut and spring. j

My invention aims to provide. meansfor vcatching or'arresting the smalllock when the bolt is drawn rearwardly out of the receiver, so thatduring such time the smalllock shall not accidentally rotate relativelyto the bolt, and to this end I provide an improved catch serving thisfunction. The `invention also aims to provide an improved smoke and gascheck, andto this end I provide a guard on the small lock to checkrearwardly-escaping My invention also aims to provide an improved guidefor the firing-pin and its nut and a dust-guard for the firing-pingroove a, and to this end ,I provide a guiding and closing projectionlonthe nut, serving as an -additional guide therefor and closing the groovea.

' The catch for the small lock has for its object to simplify the partswith which it is connected Without increasing` t eir number, to increasethe functions of thr safety-lock- 4firing-pin and its pin ingarrangements for facilitating the securing and releasing of such parts,to prevent accidental loosening or oscillation of the small lock when inits middle or retracted position while the gun is unlocked, tofacilitate'dismounting of the parts, to insure correct remountingthereof, and to give a noticef able indication, preferably observablevboth .by sound and' feeling, of the arrival of ythe parts at'thevcompletely'f-remounted position.

The last-mentioned object isof great importance, as sometimes it hashappened in use that `the small lock was not completely screwed homeinto the bolt, and when screwed even a single threadless than it shouldbe to- Ward its home position the point of the firingpin could notproject far enoughthrough the bolt-head, the result being the producingof a misfit-e, the cause' of which in most instances has been diiiicultto discover or eX- plain. f j

` .My improved catch is lettered H in the drawin s, and in its preferredformconsists of .a su stantially cylindrical pin having a lateral studh, guided in acylindrical bore e3 in the small lock, pressed forwardlyby a spring h', controlled by the projection of its stud into a slot e4in the small lock and removable by passing this stud through an outlete5 from this slot. One side ofl the pin H is cut away at hz'tocorrespond with and permit the passage ofthe end of the bolt during thenormal position of the catch, and back of this portion the pin has acylindrical or projecting portion 3.to engage with the bolt, preferablyby snapping into the notch b thereof when the catch is to lock the boltand small lock non-rotatively together, as will be hereinafter morefully described. y

IOO

My improved gas-guard is lettered e,vand

consists of a lateral dange extending, preferably, over the top andalong each side of the small lock at or near the front end thereof andshielding or deiecting any rearwardlyescaping gases against afurtherrearward movement.

My improved dust-guard and pin-guide is lettered (L2, and consists of arearward extension of the cooking projection d on the firing# pin nut,which extension slides in and substantially closes the groove ain thereceiver. v

Some of the advantages resultingfrom the ladoption of my improvementsare: First, the

cooking-surface b, Figs. 8 and 9, at the rear end of the breech-bolt Bmay be considerably enlarged on account of the removal of the necessityfor any second cooking-notch, while at the same time the angle of thecooking-A surface is reduced from about sixty degrees to forty'degrees,which in its turn facilitates the opening. operations ofv the lock;second; the special formA of the front end e of the small lock E enablesit to serve as a shield to guard against .the lrearward escape of the`gases of explosion, and, third, through the' rearward extension d2 ofthe cooking projection don the nut of the firing-pin said nut IIO is notonly more securely f'guided but the introduction of sand or the likeinto the guid-l ing-groove a is'prevented.'

The special functions required of the improved catch-H are effected atthree different positions of the same, and ofthe thumbpiece or handle ofthe usual safety 'device F with respectto the gun.

First, firing or initial position: The safetyhandle f ofthe safety-lockF is turned over to the left, the bolt is in its locked position, andthe firing-pin uncocked. (See Figs. 3, 5, 6, and 7.) In this positionthe improved catch H for the small lock, consequent on its positionrelatively to the breech-bolt, will when the bolt is forward be pressedback'andout of engagement therewith by its nose striking the receiver;but at the moment of unlocking the gun and as the bolt starts to moverearwardly the catch H will be pushed forwardly by its spring h into thenotch b', thus locking the bolt and small loc'k together, whereupon itwill automatically secure the small lock against accidentally unscrewingto the left orI falling by coupling it with the rear end of thebreech-bolt in such a manner as to prevent any alteration in therelative positions of these. two parts until after the catch H has .beenpushed back again by reason of its end striking the rear wall a', Fig.1, of the receiver, barrel, or other fixed part during the forwardmovement of the breech-bolt until the latter has again assumed itsforward'or closed position in the receiver, when the locking of thesmall lock relatively to the breechbolt is automatically severed throughthe release of the catch H, whereupon the bolt can be freely oscillatedor locked independently of the small lock, which latter is now held bythe receiver from turning. y

Second, safety or middle position: The safety thumb-piece f is turned upthrough an angle of ninety degrees, so as to stand vertically, andthereby locks the pin cocked. (See Figs. 1 and 2.) This is the positionthe safety thumb-piece is required to occupy` when it is desired to takethe lock of the gun to pieces, iu which case it is necessary first tocock the gun, -whenafter turning the `safety thumb-piece into itsrequired position the latter is caused to engage the nut D 'in such amanner as vvto prevent the forward movement of the latter withthering-pinunder the extension of its spring. When the engagementbetween the catch H and the breech-bolt, described in respect of thefirst position, is discontinued, as by pushing back the catch, the smalllock may be at once un screwed from the breech-bolt 'and taken topieces. The lockis remounted in the reverse order; but it will not now.be necessary to exercise care to properly complete making the couplingbetween the small lock and` the breech-bolt, as withmy vinvention thiscoupling is automatically terminated at the 'end of the screwingmovement'bya `projection e? at the'front of the small 1ock-1whichthencomes into contact with the foot Aor base of the operating-handle B' ofthe bolt, thus preventing any further inward movement of the small lock.It may be mentioned that the completion of the screwing movement, and

consequently the proper position of these parts, may be ascertained notonly byv the touch but also at the same time by the ear,

1 as the catch H, which forms the lock-between the small lock and thebreech-bolt, snaps with a characteristic sound into the recess b' on thebreech-bolt, and thus distinctly indicates that the lock and the bolthave been correctly fitted together. In this position the small lockcannot be screwed either forward or backward, and in order to do so itwill be necessary to first break the coupling made by the catch Hbetween the small lock'and the breech-bolt,"so that in the presentarrangement it will be at once clear, by the resistance felt to attemptsat vsuch screwing, whether or not the parts have been properlyconnected` together.

Third or locked position: The thumb-piece ofthe safetydevice4 is turnedthrough an anits initial position into-the horizontal position at theright-hand side of the gun, This position and its eifects on the lockmechanism are well known. The tiring-'pin is then 'pre- 1 vented, by theange c of the safety-lock from moving forward, and the breech-bolt isprevented by thehead c' of the safety-lock entering the notch b' fromturning in the receiver to the unlockedposition without requiring thecatch H to operate in the manner stated with respect to positions v Iand Il. The catch H operates only when the breechbolt is unlocked, Whenit is required ,to prevent the small lock from falling over and damagingthe stock of the gun in the relooking of the bolt.

The safety-lock F in Figs'. 1 and 2 is in its second or middle position.Although preventing the iring-pin from moving forward, it has no inuenceon the movement of the breechbolt' in relation to the small lock,because its recessed part o2 is beyond the end of the bolt. If in thatposition the previouslyturned breech-bolt were taken outof the barrel,it was possible with the arrangement .hitherto `gle of one hundred andeighty degrees from ICO ris

in use to merely unscrew the small lock fromV the breech-bolt and toremove it, together with the firing-pin and nut D, from the gun.

Moreover, it was possible in that position for -the small lock to tumbleover'through a blow or shock; and thus give rise to the in-conve'niences hereinbefore mentioned. This is ob-- viated by the improved catchH inl connec-y tion with the small lock, consisting, as shown in Figs.15 and 15"', of the catch-pin H with stud hand the spring h', guided inacylinsmall lockwhen the latter is being removed.

l According to another feature of improve-l ment the safety-lock `Fifs-provided with a cam f or with other suitable means for automaticallycrowding the firing-pinback to permit the flange o of the safety-lock topass in ifront of it as the lock F is turned from the firing positiontoward the safety position.

This cam f is shown in Fig. 7 as extending y' effect of always insuringthat the sealwill along the lower edge of the` ange c to the rear sideof the flange an extent suicient to enter in front of the `nut D andcrowd back the pin' C until the scar-shoulder d' is4 removed from thescar G when the lock F is turned tosafety, so that the parts will thenstand in the positions shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings,wherein thesafety device F is represented as being in its second position and inoperative engagement with the cockinghead D, andthe scar-shoulderl d isslightly separated from the yengaging part of the sear G, leaving aslight space between these two parts, whereby Upon pulling'the triggerthe sear will simply play up and down in space without there being anycontact or engagement between the scar and its complemental shoulder onthe cooking-head. .This has the rise up in front of the scar-shoulder ofthe ring-pin in case the trigger were accidentally or intentionallypulled while the'gun is cocked and the safety device is in operative.

\ position, which might not be the case it vthis provision were notmade.

this provision friction vmight i-n time wear away the engaging parts' ofthe safety and 'cooking heads, thus permitting the firing-pin to moveslightly in advance of aposition to` be engaged by the sear should thesame have been withdrawn While the parts are in the safety position,thus renderingv possible the accidental ringof the gun in removing thesafety from its engagement with the firingpin. The iiange c also has ashallow notch opposite and receiving the nut D of the pin,

flanked by shoulders f" f",which engage the 4 nut and resistdisplacement of the lock.

The catchfpin H is taken out-of thesmall llock in the following manner:by pressing it with the nger so far back into the small lock `itselfthat the stud hcomes opposite the side outlet or opening e5 in the slote4. The pin l' H is then turned round toward the interior iof the smalllock when .the stud h passes through the outlete5 into the positionshown at Fig. 12, when it can be -pulled out of the `cylindrical bore e3in the small lock. l

The catch-pin H, under the pressure .of the spring h', has a constanttendency to advance into its most outward position from the small lock,and to enableit to do so its rearward cylindrical part h3 mustnecessarily enter the recess b' at the rear of the breech-bolt, and thuscouple the latter with the small lockin lsuch a. manner-as to preventany twisting movementof the two part-s in relation to each other.' Theabove advancing movement of the catch-pin is impossible, first, when theIn the absence of v small lock is' notin a position to bring it in vlinewith the recess lb in the rear end of the breech-bolt, (see Figs. 3', 4,and 8;) secondly, when the breech-boltjin the locking position hasentered so far into the gun-receiver that the catch-pin H vcolnes int-ocontact with the rear part of the latter, and 'is thereby pushed backfar enough to allow its cylindrical part h to leave the recessb, andthus to break the locking between the small lock and the breech-bolt.Thislatter position of the catch isalways the case when the breech-boltis in its locked position, but it cannot happeneaccidentallyI when thebolt is unlocked, as previous to pulling the bolt back both the bolt andthe small lock are brought into such a i relative position as tolbringthe recess b' into the axial line ofthe catch-pin H, so that the lattercan enter it as soon as the parts start back, and thereby prevent theaccidental tumbling over of the small lock thereafter.

lf it is intended to remove the small lock from the unlockedbreech-bolt, care must be taken that the safety thumb-piece f is in po.

sition Il. Itis then only necessary to press the catch-pin-I-I farenough back to force its cylindrical part, hs out-of the recess b', whenvthe small-lockjcan be unscrewed from the lbolt without diiiculty. When,0n the con'- trary, it is 4desired to remount the small lockon thebreech-bolt, it can'be screwed thereon only until the shoulder e2 on theannular part vetat-the front of the small lock abuts against the 'footof the handle B', at which moment the catch-pin H is caused by thespring h' to snap into the recess b on the breech-bolt with Va loudsound, as-previously stated., 'By this .means the unscrewingof the smalllock is prevented unless thek catch-pin is pressed back, as hereinbeforeexplained. The above-mentionedsound constitutes an unfailing indicationthat the parts have been correctly mounto ed in relation to each other.l 4 It will be seen that the operations before IOO described. forsecuring the boltagainst'accidental unlocking, as wellas for preventingthe small lockl from accidentally tumbling over, are both'effected byaid of the one recess b', which prevents the accidental unlocking of thebreech-bolt when entered by the head of the safety ldevice F, while when'the breecl1-bolt is unlocked and away from the barrel the catch-pin Henters the same recess b', whereby the small lock 'is coupled to andheld by thev breech-'bolt and is thus preventedA from accidentallytumbling over.'-

novel features and combinations, substantially as hereinbefore setforth, namely:

.1. An oscillatory and longitudinally-movable bolt having a lixedbolt-handle, a small lock rotatively coupled to the rear of the bolt andmovable longitudinally therewith, 'a ring-pin carried by said bolt andcoupled thereto by said smalllock, and a receiver holding said smalllock against turning when the bolthandle is turned down and freeing thesmall lock when said handle is turned up and moved back, in combinationwith automaticl means locking said small lock against rotation when thebolt-handle is turned up and during its longitudinal movement, andautomatically unlocking it at the end of such movement, and thenpermitting said handle to turn down, whereby during longitudinalmovement the small lock cannot turn out of position.

2. A receiver, a bolt having a fixed handle, and having oscillatory andlongitudinal mov'ements therein, a small lock secured to and movinglongitudinally With said bolt at rear of its handle, engaging saidreceiver when moved forward, then prevented thereby from rotation, andfree to rotate when moved back, and a firing-pin carried by said bolt,said bolt and small lock movable from a' closed position in saidreceiver to an open position at rear thereof, and the one having a notchadjacent to the other, said handle turning down to lock the bolt in theclosed position and turning up to free it and move it back, incombination with a catch carried hy oneV of said parts and engaging thenotch in the other of said parts when the handle is turned up and movedback, and then locking said small lock non-rotativelyto the bolt, saidcatch having a portion engaging and moved by the receiver as said partsapproach the forward position, and thereby disengaged from said notch,and then permitting said bolt-handle to oscillate.

3. A bolt having a notch b', and a small lock E swiveled thereto andhaving a socket e3, a notch e4 and a recess e5, and a catch H consistingof a pin seated in said socket, engaging said notch b in said bolt andhaving a stud hmoving in said notch e4, all combined and arrangedsubstantiall'yas and for the purpose'set forth.

4. A receiver, and a bolt Working therein and having an open rear end,in combination with ad small lock E swiveled to and closing the rear endof said bolt, bearing at its under side on said receiver, and havingalateral projecting flange e near its front end, and surrounding theexposed end of said bolt, and constituting a gas-shield for defiectingrearwardly-escaping gases.

5. An oscillatory bolt having a lockingl notch, and a small lockswiveled to said holt, and a safety-loch carried by said small lock, andentering said notch at one position of thov bolt, and thereby lockingthe bolt against oscillation, in combination with a safetycatch carriedby said small lock, entering said notch when said bolt is moved toanother position, and then locking-the small lock against oscillationrelatively to the holt.

"in Witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence oftwo subscribing Witnesses.

PAUL MAUSER. lWitnesses:

W. HAUPT, ALoYs GOBANZ.

